The Content of Breast Milk and the Challenges Experienced by Breastfeeding Mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Every postpartum mother is recommended to breastfeed her baby because breast milk is the main need of newborns. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on life in various aspects, including on the breastfeeding mothers, especially if they suffer from COVID-19 infection. Aim: The study aims to provide comprehensive evidence regarding potential virus transmission and antibody transfer through breastmilk and the experiences of mothers related to breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy involved the use of keywords related to COVID-19 and breastfeeding in PubMed and Science Direct databases. Articles were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Breastfeeding has been recommended to be continued during the pandemic due to the benefits associated with it and the absence of sufficient evidence for transmission of COVID-19 infection through breast milk. During the lockdown period, there was a change in breastfeeding patterns, although most mothers believed that breastfeeding should be continued. Anxiety and lack of support affected breastfeeding practices. Breastfeeding mothers reported a dilemmatic situation. They felt protected because of the lockdown policy but also struggled to get support from their social environment. The impact varied in terms of stopping breastfeeding practice altogether, breastfeeding irregularly, and even giving formula milk. Conclusion: Adherence to health protocols can reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19 infection through breastfeeding from mother to baby. Support from the family and the environment is needed to ensure the continuity of breastfeeding practice. © 2022 Kurniawati et al.

Digital Transformation for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises to Develop Sustainable Community-Based Marine Tourism

Marine tourism is a leading commodity in Indonesia, including East Java Province. However, many believe that tourism development can cause multiplier effects on social, economic, culture, industry, and technology. Therefore, Community-Based Tourism development is needed to suppress the negative effects of those phenomena. Tourism development can be supported by MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises), but unfortunately, they were paralyzed due to the Covid-19 pandemic at the beginning of 2020. During this unfortunate time, all sectors were forced to stop their activities. In this case, digitalization is a strategy that MSMEs must take to maintain the continuity of marine tourism in the new normal. This study aims to discover the role of MSMEs, the role of youth, and the digitalization process in developing marine tourism objects at Bangsring Beach. This qualitative descriptive study was conducted by interviewing the surrounding community at Bangsring Beach (Banyuwangi, East Java). The results showed that MSMEs and youth played a role in developing marine tourism objects on Bangsring Beach. Furthermore, the youth dominated the digitalization process of this development © 2022. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure.All Rights Reserved

Developing a Virtual Nature Laboratory of Faculty Social Science (LAV-FIS) to Assists Field-Based Learning during Pandemic: A Need Analysis Review

The Covid-19 outbreak has affected several aspects of field-based learning. The best way to ensure the survival and safety of everyone involved in field-based learning is to adapt and integrate technology. In response to this problem, numerous innovations in learning technology that lead to the virtualization of the learning environment have begun to emerge. However, the various application products developed have fallen short of the expectations of students. As a result, in order to design the optimal virtual application for use in fieldbased learning, a needs analysis must be done. This study offers an understanding of student needs for virtual field-based learning applications. An online survey of 140 active university students was carried out to do so. The results showed that students require applications with sophisticated features that resemble the real world for the implementation of online field-based learning. They expect the incorporation of online meeting features, 360 Virtual Reality Panorama, access to learning videos, augmented reality, learning materials, chatbox, and multimedia into the software that will be developed. © 2022. All Rights Reserved.

Medical education versus exposure to SARS CoV-2: How is the achievement of doctor resident competence in the field of urogynecology?

The spread of SARS CoV-2 impacts medical education. Patients with urogynecological cases are mostly elderly patients who are at risk of exposure to the virus. This paper aims to review resident education in the urogynecology field during the pandemic and how residents can achieve appropriate competence. This study examines the views of several previous research articles and then compiled them into a narrative review. New recommendations such as services at health facilities, as well as scheduled visits or virtual services, have made an impact on reducing the number of cases, limited contact with patients, and virus exposure from practice locations, online learning, and the involvement of resident doctors in handling SARS CoV-2 case for other units. Resident doctors need to achieve competence to become professionals in their fields. What needs to be realized is that direct practice with patients, conducting examinations, making diagnoses, and providing therapy with real cases cannot be replaced with online learning. Medical education for residents must ensure safety in obtaining education and practice in the hospital to fulfill the task of caring for patients, access to mental health in a pandemic, and simulation-based training. All of these interventions are designed to ensure that the competence of graduates achieved before or during COVID-19 is the same: doctors who are professional and competent in their fields. © 2021, Social Medicine Publishing Group. All rights reserved.

Quality of life following adult veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) has been used successfully for the past decade in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) refractory to conventional ventilatory support. However, knowledge of the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in VV-ECMO patients is still limited. Thus, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the HRQoL following VV-ECMO support in ARDS patients. METHODS: A systematic search was performed on PubMed and Web of Science databases from January 1st, 2009 to October 19th, 2020. Studies reporting on HRQoL following VV-ECMO for ARDS in adults were included. Two authors independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality. RESULTS: Eight studies were eligible for inclusion, consisting of seven observational studies and one randomized controlled trial (total N = 441). All eight studies had a quantitative design and reported 265 VV-ECMO survivors to have a reduced HRQoL compared to a generally healthy population. Follow-up time varied between six months to three years. Additionally, only four studies (total N = 335) compared the HRQoL of VV-ECMO (N = 159) to conventionally treated survivors (N = 176), with one study showing a significantly better HRQoL in VV-ECMO survivors, while three studies were stating comparable HRQoL across groups. Notably, most survivors in these studies appeared to experience varying degrees of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). CONCLUSIONS: ARDS survivors supported by VV-ECMO have a decline in HRQoL and suffered from physical and psychological impairments. This HRQoL reduction is comparable or even better to the HRQoL in conventionally treated ARDS survivors.

Examination and treatment scenario in urogynecology case during covid-19 pandemic: A review

The number of COVID-19 cases continues to increase therefore health services in hospitals must adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the services that must be affected is urogynecology services. This study aims to examine scenarios in the examination and treatment of patients with urogynecological cases in hospitals during a pandemic. A non-systematic review examines several scientific articles related to recommendations. The articles were searched through the PubMed and Google Scholar databases with the keywords “urogynecology patient” or “hospital” or “treatment” or “urogynecology care” and “COVID-19”. Data is arranged in the form of scenarios and narrative reviews. The scenario carried out is telemedicine, except for certain severe cases, so one must go to the hospital with a record of patient protection against COVID-19. It is possible to use online to prevent the accumulation of patients in the hospital. Management emphasizes non-surgical solutions such as lifestyle, nutritional patterns, behavioral concepts, and periodic drug administration. Implementation is carried out with preconditions, namely patient safety, an integrated system related to payment and prescription of drugs. Things that need to be underlined in telemedicine governance are the need for adequate counseling and good cooperation between doctors and patients because this will affect diagnosis and management. This effort makes it possible to break the chain of infection in urogynecology services and the need for further research related to a complete and comprehensive application system.

Probiotics intake as adjunct therapy for infected health-care with sars cov-2

Objectives: We performed this case-control observational study to evaluate the comparison of the length of duration of SARS COV-2 infection and the cycle threshold (Ct) value of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) nasopharynx swab between the probiotics intake (case) group and the non-probiotics intake (control) group. Materials and Methods: Our study was a case-control study involving 15 cases and 15 controls match for RT-PCR positive results. The participants were healthcare consisted of registrars, consultants, and nurses. Each participant was interviewed by google forms using a structured questionnaire to collect socio-demographic characteristics, diet, therapy from a pulmonologist, and adjunct therapy. Results: The total participants consisted of 15 males and 15 females. 4 participants in the case group had febrile, 1 participant with anosmia, 1 participant with febrile, nausea, and vomit before they consumed probiotics, and 9 participants without clinical complaints. One participant in the control group had fevered and cough, 14 participants without clinical complaints—1 participant with co-morbidities in the control group. The data of age, duration of infection, and cycle threshold (Ct) value were in the normal distribution. Analysis results using SPSS 21.00 show no significant differences in the course of disease between the case group and the control group. We found 2 participants in the control group had re-infection, while there was no re-infection in the case group. Conclusion: The present study’s finding may imply future care for the viral infection through the immunomodulation mechanism by probiotics consumption.

Considering role of probiotic on respiratory disease: Is probiotic possible to treat covid-19?

Background: COVID-19 is a new variant of the corona virus known as a pandemic disease. The number of cases has increased every day around the world. Unfortunately, treatment in management has not been satisfactory. Purpose: This study aims to examine the role of probiotics in respiratory disease and the possibility of managing COVID-19 through an analysis of its function. Method: This study is a review. Quality journals until 2020 were searched in the Pubmed database for the keywords ‘respiratory’ or ‘asthma’ or ‘pneumonia’ or ‘lung’ or ‘influenza’ and ‘COVID-19’. Compiled data includesthe author, type of study, type of probiotic, duration of intervention, target population, results, conclusion and side effects that occurred Results: We analyzed 9 experimental studies. Some studies related to respiratory disorders used the Lactobacillus Sp as probiotic. One research used Fructooligosacharide as additional ingredient. The research use different doses and timing of interventions 14 days-6 months. The diseases covered in this report are asthma, pneumonia, and influenza. Probiotics can reduce symptomps, duration in hospitality risk, and quality of life. Conclusion: The ability of probiotics in the management of respiratory diseases provides hope for the management of COVID-19, of course, it is balanced with further research that is able to analyze clear dosages, types and roles.